Tamil Years - a 60 year cycle

The 60-year cycle of the Tamil Calendar is also found in many North and South Indian traditional calendars, with the same name and sequence of years. Its earliest reference is to be found in Surya Siddhanta, which Varahamihirar (550 CE) believed to be the most accurate of the then current theories of astronomy. However, in the Surya Siddhantic list, the first year was Vijaya and not Prabhava as currently used. This 60-year cycle is also used in the Chinese calendar.

After the completion of sixty years, the calendar starts anew with the first year. This corresponds to the Hindu "century." The Vakya or Tirukannitha Panchangam (the traditional Tamil almanac) outlines this sequence.

The following list presents the current 60-year cycle of the Tamil calendar:

No.	Name	Name (English)	Gregorian Year		No.	Name	Name (English)	Gregorian Year
01.	பிரபவ	Prabhava	1987 - 1988		31.	ஹேவிளம்பி	Hevilambi	2017 - 2018
02.	விபவ	Vibhava	1988 - 1989		32.	விளம்பி	Vilambi	2018 - 2019
03.	சுக்ல	Sukla	1989 - 1990		33.	விகாரி	Vikari	2019 - 2020
04.	பிரமோதூத	Pramodhoodha	1990 - 1991		34.	சார்வரி	Sarvari	2020 - 2021
05.	பிரசோற்பத்தி	Prachorpaththi	1991 - 1992		35.	பிலவ	Plava	2021 - 2022
06.	ஆங்கீரச	Aangirasa	1992 - 1993		36.	சுபகிருது	Subakrith	2022 - 2023
07.	ஸ்ரீமுக	Srimukha	1993 - 1994		37.	சோபகிருது	Sobakrith	2023 - 2024
08.	பவ	Bhava	1994 - 1995		38.	குரோதி	Krodhi	2024 - 2025
09.	யுவ	Yuva	1995 - 1996		39.	விசுவாசுவ	Visuvaasuva	2025 - 2026
10.	தாது	Thaadhu	1996 - 1997		40.	பரபாவ	Parabhaava	2026 - 2027
11.	ஈஸ்வர	Eesvara	1997 - 1998		41.	பிலவங்க	Plavanga	2027 - 2028
12.	வெகுதானிய	Vehudhanya	1998 - 1999		42.	கீலக	Keelaka	2028 - 2029
13.	பிரமாதி	Pramathi	1999 - 2000		43.	சௌமிய	Saumya	2029 - 2030
14.	விக்கிரம	Vikrama	2000 - 2001		44.	சாதாரண	Sadharana	2030 - 2031
15.	விஷு	Vishu	2001 - 2002		45.	விரோதகிருது	Virodhikrithu	2031 - 2032
16.	சித்திரபானு	Chitrabaanu	2002 - 2003		46.	பரிதாபி	Paridhaabi	2032 - 2033
17.	சுபானு	Subaanu	2003 - 2004		47.	பிரமாதீச	Pramaadhisa	2033 - 2034
18.	தாரண	Thaarana	2004 - 2005		48.	ஆனந்த	Aanandha	2034 - 2035
19.	பார்த்திப	Paarthiba	2005 - 2006		49.	ராட்சச	Rakshasa	2035 - 2036
20.	விய	Viya	2006 - 2007		50.	நள	Nala	2036 - 2037
21.	சர்வசித்து	Sarvajith	2007 - 2008		51.	பிங்கள	Pingala	2037 - 2038
22.	சர்வதாரி	Sarvadhari	2008 - 2009		52.	காளயுக்தி	Kalayukthi	2038 - 2039
23.	விரோதி	Virodhi	2009 - 2010		53.	சித்தார்த்தி	Siddharthi	2039 - 2040
24.	விக்ருதி	Vikruthi	2010 - 2011		54.	ரௌத்திரி	Raudhri	2040 - 2041
25.	கர	Kara	2011 - 2012		55.	துன்மதி	Thunmathi	2041 - 2042
26.	நந்தன	Nandhana	2012 - 2013		56.	துந்துபி	Dhundubhi	2042 - 2043
27.	விஜய	Vijaya	2013 - 2014		57.	ருத்ரோத்காரி	Rudhrodhgaari	2043 - 2044
28.	ஜய	Jaya	2014 - 2015		58.	ரக்தாட்சி	Raktakshi	2044 - 2045
29.	மன்மத	Manmatha	2015 - 2016		59.	குரோதன	Krodhana	2045 - 2046
30.	துன்முகி	Dhunmuki	2016 - 2017		60.	அட்சய	Akshaya	2046 - 2047

Learn to read Hindu Panchangam using interactive video

Learn to read Hindu Panchangam using interactive video

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Nakshatra

Nakshatra (Devanagari: नक्षत्र, Sanskrit: nakshatra, 'star', from naksha, 'approach', and tra, 'guard') or lunar mansion is one of the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent star(s) in them, used in Jyotisha




Following are the nakshatra names in Samskritam, Tamil and Malayalam, and the letters for baby's names.

No	Samskritam, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi	Tamil	Malayalam	First Letter of Baby's Name
1	Aswini अश्विनि అశ్విని	Aswini அசுவினி	Aswathi	Chu, Che, Cho, La चु, चे, चो, ला
2	Bharani भरणी భరణి	Bharani பரணி	Bharani	Lee, Lu, Le, Lo ली, लू, ले, लो
3	Krithika कृत्तिका కృతిక	Karthigai கிருத்திகை	Kaarthika	A, E, U, Ea अ, ई, उ, ए
4	Rohini रोहिणी రోహిణి	Rohini ரோகிணி	Rohini	O, Va, Vi, Vu ओ, वा, वी, वु
5	Mrigashiras म्रृगशीर्षा మ్రిగాసిర	Mrigasheersham மிருகசிரீஷம்	Makeeryam	We Wo, Ka, Ki वे, वो, का, की
6	Aardhra / Arudra (Telugu) आर्द्रा ఆరుద్ర	Thiruvaathirai திருவாதிரை	Thiruvaathira	Ku, Gha, Ing, chh कु, घ, ङ, छ
7	Punarvasu पुनर्वसु పునర్వసు	Punarpoosam புனர்பூசம்	Punartham	Ke, Ko, Ha, Hi के, को, हा, ही
8	Pushyami पुष्य పుష్య	Poosam பூசம்	Pooyyam	Hu, He, Ho, Da हु, हे, हो, डा
9	Ashlesha आश्लेषा ఆశ్లేష	Aayilyam ஆயில்யம்	Aayilyam	De, Du, De, Do डी, डू, डे, डो
10	Magha/Makha मघा మాఘ	Makam மகம்	Makham	Ma, Me, Mu, Me मा, मी, मू, मे
11	P.Phalguni/PoorvaPhalguni /Pubba(Telugu) पूर्व फाल्गुनी పూర్వ ఫల్గుని	Pooram பூரம்	Pooram	Mo, Ta, Ti, Tu मो, टा, टी, टू
12	U.Phalguni/Uthraphalguni /Uttara(Telugu) उत्तर फाल्गुनी ఉత్తర ఫల్గుని	Uthiram உத்திரம்	Uthram	To, Pa, Pe, Pu टो, पा, पी, पू
13	Hastha हस्त హస్త	Hastham ஹஸ்தம்	Atham	Pu, Sha, Na, Tha पू, ष, ण, ठ
14	Chitra चित्रा చిత్ర	Chithirai சித்திரை	Chitra	Pe, Po, Ra, Re पे, पो, रा, री
15	Swaathi स्वाति స్వాతి	Swaathi சுவாதி	Chothi	Ru, Re, Ro, Taa रू, रे, रो, ता
16	Vishaakha विशाखा విశాక	Visaakam விசாகம்	Visaakam	Ti, TU, Tea To ती, तू, ते, तो
17	Anuraadha अनुराधा అనురాధ	Anusham அனுஷம்	Anizham	Na, Ne, Nu, Ne ना, नी, नू, ने
18	Jyeshta ज्येष्ठा జ్యేష్ట	Kettai கேட்டை	Thrikketta	No, Ya Yi, Yu नो, या, यी, यू
19	Moola मूल మూలా	Moolam முலம்	Moolam	Ye, Yo, Ba, Be ये, यो, भा, भी
20	P.Shada/Poorvashaada पूर्वाषाढ़ा పూర్వాషాఢ	Pooraadam பூராடம்	Pooraadam	Bhu, Dha, pha Dha भू, धा, फा, ढा
21	U.Shada/Uthrashaada उत्तराषाढ़ा ఉత్తరాషాఢ	Uthiraadam உத்திராடம்	Uthraadam	Bhe, Bho, Ja, Ji भे, भो, जा, जी
22	Shraavan श्रवण శ్రవణ	Thiruvonam திருவோணம்	Thiruvonam	Ju/khi, Je/khu, Jo/khe, Gha/kho खी, खू, खे, खो
23	Dhanishta धनिष्ठा ధనిశ్త	Avittam அவிட்டம்	Avittam	Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge गा, गी, गु, गे
24	Shathabhisha शतभिषा శతభిష	Chathayam/Sadayam சதயம்	Chathayam	Go, Sa, Si, Su गो, सा, सी, सू
25	P.Bhadra/Poorvabhadra पूर्वभाद्र పూర్వాభాద్ర	Poorattathi பூரட்டாதி	Poorattadhi	Se, So, Da, Di से, सो, दा, दी
26	U.Bhadra/Uthrabhadra उत्तरभाद्र ఉత్తరాభాద్ర	Uthirattathi உத்திரட்டாதி	Uthrattathi	Du, tha, Jha, Da दू, थ, झ, ञ
27	Revathi रेवती రేవతి	Revathi ரேவதி	Revathi	De, Do, Cha, Chi दे, दो, च, ची

திதி (Tithi)

In vedic timekeeping, a tithi (also spelled thithi) is a lunar day, or the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the moon and the sun to increase by 12°. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours.

There are 30 tithis in each lunar month, named as follows:

Sl.No	Krishna paksha (dark fortnight)	Shukla Paksha (bright fortnight)	Deity and properties
1	Pratipat	Pratipat	The presiding deity of the first lunar day in Brahma and is good for all types of auspicious and religious ceremonies
2	Dvitiya	Dvitiya	Vidhatr rules this lunar day and is good for the laying of foundations for buildings and other things of a permanent nature.
3	Tritiya	Tritiya	Visnu is the lord of this day and is good for the cuttings of one's hair and nails and shaving.
4	Chaturthi	Chaturthi	Yama is lord of the 4th lunar day, which is good for the destruction of one's enemies, the removal of obstacles, and acts of combat.
5	Panchami	Panchami	The Moon rules this day, which is favourable for administering medicine, the purging of poisons, and surgery.
6	Shashti	Shashti	Karttikeya presides over this day and is favourable for coronations, meeting new friends, festivities, and enjoyment.
7	Saptami	Saptami	The 7th lunar day is ruled by Indra; one may begin a journey, buy conveyances, and deal with other such things as a movable nature.
8	Ashtami	Ashtami	The Vasus rule this day, which is good for taking up arms, building of one's defenses, and fortification.
9	Navami	Navami	The Serpent rules this day, with is suitable for killing enemies, acts of destruction, and violence.
10	Dasami	Dasami	The day is ruled by Dharma and is auspicious for acts of virtue, religious functions, spiritual practices, and other pious activities.
11	Ekadasi	Ekadasi	Rudra rules this day; fasting, devotional activities, and remembrance of the Supreme Lord are very favourable.This day has special religious significance in Hinduism and Jainism -- usually observed by fasting
12	Dvadasi	Dvadasi	The Sun rules this day, which is auspicious for religious ceremonies the lighting of the sacred fire, and the performance of one's duties.
13	Trayodasi	Trayodasi	The day is ruled by Cupid and is good for forming friendships, sensual pleasures, and festivities.
14	Chaturdashi	Chaturdashi	Kali rules this day suitable for administering poison and calling of elementals and spirits.
15	Amavasya (new moon)	Purnima (full moon)	The Vasve-devas rule the New Moon suitable for the propitiation of the Manes and performance of austerities.

A Thithi ( திதி ) is a lunar day or based on Moon's rotation around the Earth. For comparison, our Gregorial Calendar (English Calendar) is based on Sun / solar days but thithis are based on Moon/Lunar days. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours.

Basically it is the time it takes for the longitudinal angle between the moon and the sun to increase by 12°. As each thithi constitutes 12°, 30 thithis constitutes a Lunar Month. Therefore, dividing the difference in logitutes(degree) between the Sun and the Moon by 12 , will give the number of the lunar day. Thithi's duration and start time vary.

For example, 'Ekadhasi( ஏகாதசி )' is actually when the Moon is in-between 120° and 132° ahead of Sun and again in-between 300° and 312°. Hence these angles actually begin and end roundly 22 hours apart, roughly one lunar day.

First thithi is Prathamai ( பிரதமை ) and at Pournami ( பொளர்ணமி ) the Moon and the Sun are opposite to each other. Moment of new Moon or time when longitudes of the Sun and the Moon are equal, is called Amavasya ( அமாவாசை ).

Lunar Day	Names of Thithis
1st	பிரதமை [Pradhamai (or) Prathipada]
2nd	த்விதியை [Dwithiya]
3rd	த்ரிதியை [Thrithiya]
4th	சதுர்த்தி [Chathurthi]
5th	பஞ்ஜமி [Panchami]
6th	சஷ்டி [Shashti]
7th	சப்தமி [Sapthami]
8th	அஷ்டமி [Ashtami]
9th	நவமி [Navami]
10th	தசமி [Dasami]
11th	ஏகாதசி [Ekadasi]
12th	த்வாதசி [Dwadasi]
13th	த்ரயோதசி [Thrayodasi]
14th	சதுர்தசி [Chathurdasi]
15th (in bright half of the month)	பொளர்ணமி [Pournami]
15th (in dark half of the month)	அமாவாசை [Amavasya]